madagaskar republiek - significado y definición. Qué es madagaskar republiek
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Qué (quién) es madagaskar republiek - definición

INDEPENDENT BOER-RULED COUNTRY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA BETWEEN 1856–1902
Transvaal Republic; Zuid Afrika Republic; Zuid Afrikaansche Republik; Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek; Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek; South African republic; Republiek van Transvaal; Z.A.R.; Boer Republic of Transvaal; The South African Republic; South African Republic (1914–1915); Republic of Transvaal; South African Republic (1914-1915); Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek; Transvaal (state); Transvaal (country)
  • [[Piet Cronjé]]'s followers delivering up their rifles
  • Coat of arms of the South African Republic displayed on Kruger's wagon
  • 1st ZAR President [[Marthinus Pretorius]]
  • All the east–west railways were constructed by the [[Netherlands-South African Railway Company]], while lines were built from the Cape and Natal, and one to Pietersburg was built by a private British company
  • President [[Paul Kruger]] in 1898

Flag of the Nieuwe Republiek         
  • Flag of Nieuwe Republiek Alternative version that was never flown
The flag of the Nieuwe Republiek was the official flag of this short-lived South African state from 1884 to 1888.
South African Republic Police         
Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Politie; ZARP; ZARPs
The South African Republic Police (; ZARP) was the police force of the former country, South African Republic, one of two Internationally recognized Boer countries of the mid 19th to early 20th century. The Boers often called the South African Republic by its acronym ZAR (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) while in the English-speaking world the republic was generally known as the Transvaal (after the region and territories it encompassed across the Vaal River).
Parti des déshérités de Madagascar         
POLITICAL PARTY (FOUNDED IN 1946; SUPPORTED BY COASTAL PEOPLES AND OPPOSED TO RAPID CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE.)
PADESM; Parti des desherites de Madagascar; Party of Disinherited Madagaskar
The Parti des déshérités de Madagascar (PADESM, "Party of the Disinherited of Madagascar") was a political party active in Madagascar from June 1946 into the First Republic (1960–1972). It was formed in reaction to the establishment and rapid political success of the Mouvement démocratique de la rénovation malgache (MDRM) political party, formed by Merina elites on a platform of independence from France.

Wikipedia

South African Republic

The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.

The ZAR was established as a result of the 1852 Sand River Convention, in which the British government agreed to formally recognise independence of the Boers living north of the Vaal River. Relations between the ZAR and Britain started to deteriorate after the British Cape Colony expanded into the Southern African interior, eventually leading to the outbreak of the First Boer War between the two nations. The Boer victory confirmed the ZAR's independence; however, Anglo-ZAR tensions soon flared up again over various diplomatic issues. In 1899, war again broke out between Britain and the ZAR, which was swiftly occupied by the British military. Many Boer combatants in the ZAR refused to surrender, leading British commander Lord Kitchener to order the adoption of several scorched-earth policies. In the treaty which ended the war, the ZAR was transformed into the Transvaal Colony, and eventually the Union of South Africa. During World War I, there was a failed attempt at resurrecting the republic in the Maritz rebellion.

The land area that was once the ZAR now comprises all or most of the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and North West in the northeastern portion of the modern-day Republic of South Africa.